Resilience and Decentralization
How does the Toto Chain ensure decentralization in block production and reward distribution?
The Toto Chain ensures decentralization through several mechanisms:
Dynamic Validator Selection: Every hour, 11 block producers are randomly chosen from a pool of candidates. This prevents centralization by ensuring that no single entity controls block production for long.
No Staking or Locking Requirements: Unlike traditional Proof-of-Stake systems, block producers do not need to stake tokens, making it easier for more participants to join.
Referral-Based Incentives: The network rewards active referrers and contributors by distributing fractional NFTs (fNFTs) and core asset rewards, reducing reliance on a small group of powerful validators.
Puzzle Piece (fNFT) Distribution: Fractional NFTs (puzzle pieces) are randomly assigned, ensuring fair access to rewards and preventing a concentration of wealth among early adopters.
How many block producers does the network aim to have?
The current active validator set consists of 11 block producers at a time.
However, the total number of candidates can be in the hundreds or thousands.
The limit of 11 active validators is set by the runtime configuration, meaning it could be expanded in the future based on network needs.
What mechanisms are in place to handle unexpected failures or attacks?
To protect against failures and attacks, the network employs:
Automatic Block Producer Rotation: If a validator goes offline, another candidate from the pool is selected.
Longer Block Time as a Fail-Safe: In extreme cases of network failure, block times may increase temporarily instead of halting transactions.
Offline Detection & Penalties:
Validators who remain inactive can be removed from the active set.
They may be blacklisted for a period before being allowed to rejoin.
Reputation-Based Governance (Upcoming Feature): A reputation system is in development, rewarding reliable validators and disincentivizing bad actors.
Are there fallback systems to ensure uninterrupted block production?
Yes, Toto Chain has multiple fallback mechanisms to prevent network halts:
Redundant Block Producer Selection: New block producers are selected hourly, ensuring the network does not rely on a static group.
Fallback Mode with Increased Block Time: If nodes go offline, block times gradually increase rather than causing a hard failure.
Validator Blacklisting & Reallocation: If a block producer fails, their slot is reallocated to an active validator to maintain block production continuity.
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